Provided is a method of separating cellular components, the method including: a) contacting a guest compound-bound reactive compound with cells; b) lysing the cells; c) adding a host compound-bound solid phase to a solution including the lysates of the cells to prepare a mixture; d) separating binding pairs of the guest compound bound to cellular components and the host compound bound to the solid phase from the mixture, and purifying the binding pairs; and e) separating the cellular components from the binding pairs, wherein the guest compound-bound reactive compound is obtained through a covalent bond between a reactive compound and a guest compound represented by Formula 2 below guest, the host compound-bound solid phase is obtained through a covalent bond between a solid phase and a host compound represented by Formula 1 below, and the reactive compound includes at least one selected from the group consisting of a biomolecule, N-hydroxysuccimide, an antigen, an antibody, an aptamer, folic acid, transferrin, and any mixtures thereof.