Data is read from memory cells, including at least one victim cell and at least one aggressor cell, using an element graph. Reading the data includes defining function nodes corresponding to probability density functions with respect to a first physical characteristic of the at least one victim cell and a second physical characteristic of the at least one aggressor cell, defining variable nodes corresponding to at least one first data value stored in the at least one victim cell and at least one second data value stored in the at least one aggressor cell, and defining edges connecting the function nodes and the variable nodes.