A computer-implemented method for scanning data stored on cloud computing platforms may include (1) identifying a cloud computing service that hosts a plurality of cloud computing instances and a plurality of data volumes that store data for the plurality of cloud computing instances, (2) determining that a data volume within the plurality of data volumes that stores data for a cloud computing instance within the plurality of cloud computing instances is subject to a security scan, (3) detecting a computing system that is external to the cloud computing instance, and (4) performing the security scan on the data volume from the computing system that is external to the cloud computing instance instead of performing the security scan from within the cloud computing instance. Various other methods, systems, and computer-readable media are also disclosed.