The invention concerns a system for monitoring a flight control actuator of an aircraft, including: an actuator (1), sensors (3a-3d) in the actuator (1) to collect, during each flight of the aircraft, series of measurements of parameters relative to the said actuator, processing means (5) to calculate a set of damage indicators using, cumulatively, the series of measurements observed during each of the aircraft's successive flights, and a memory (7; 7a) to store the said set of damage indicators, where the said memory is integrated in the actuator.