An architecture for processing a data stream forming matrices of pixels of dimension Nl×Nc. The processing architecture includes processing units and interconnection means making it possible to transfer the data stream between them. Each processing unit includes a control unit, neighborhood processors capable of carrying out the instructions from the control unit and a neighborhood storage unit enabling each neighborhood processor to access a neighborhood of dimension Vl×Vc. The invention makes it possible to extend the dimension of the neighborhoods accessible to the neighborhood processors by a coupling of two or more processing units. To this end, the architecture includes a storage manager enabling the neighborhood processors of the coupled processing units to access adjoining neighborhoods of pixels, and means for communication between neighborhood processors allowing for an exchange of data relating to the different neighborhoods.