The present invention relates to an electrolytic cell, including: at least two electrodes, each electrode including: a first and a second surface; and a number of perforations arranged in a substantially uniform pattern; wherein the electrodes are positioned relative to each other such that: at least one surface of each electrode is opposed to a surface of the other electrode, and a gap is formed between the opposed surfaces of the electrodes; wherein the cell includes at least one electrically insulating layer positioned on the opposing surface of at least one electrode, the insulating layer including a number of perforations aligning with the perforations of the electrode on which it is positioned.