A system and method for transmitting and receiving a data while charging a vehicle includes first module configured to calculate an expected charging time based on an instantaneous SOC value obtained through a CAN communication when charging the electrical vehicle is started and a second module that is configured to determine a size of transmittable or receivable data considering a transmission speed and based on information obtained through the expected charging time analysis module. Communication equipment enables data to be transmitted and received between the vehicle and a data center via power line communication. A first storage unit within the vehicle and a second data storage unit provided within the data center are configured to store telematics related data, and an output unit is configured to output information related to data determined by the second module.