Provided is a method for transmitting a reference signal in a time division duplex (TDD)-based wireless communication system. A base station transmits a synchronization signal in a subframe including N resource blocks in a frequency domain, and K (K>1) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in a time domain. The base station transmits a reference signal generated on the basis of a terminal identifier in the subframe. The subframe includes a downlink pilot time slot (DwPTS), a guard period (GP), and an uplink pilot time slot (UpPTS). The DwPTS includes six OFDM symbols. The UpPTS includes two OFDM symbols. The reference signal is transmitted in the first OFDM symbol or the sixth OFDM symbol in the subframe.