A novel soybean variety, designated XR34Q13 is provided. Also provided are the seeds of soybean variety XR34Q13, cells from soybean variety XR34Q13, plants of soybean XR34Q13, and plant parts of soybean variety XR34Q13. Methods provided include producing a soybean plant by crossing soybean variety XR34Q13 with another soybean plant, methods for introgressing a transgenic trait, a mutant trait, and/or a native trait into soybean variety XR34Q13, methods for producing other soybean varieties or plant parts derived from soybean variety XR34Q13, and methods of characterizing soybean variety XR34Q13. Soybean seed, cells, plants, germplasm, breeding lines, varieties, and plant parts produced by these methods and/or derived from soybean variety XR34Q13 are further provided.