A monitoring and management system (MMS) includes one or more fiber optic cables arranged within or on portions of an energy storage device. Each fiber optic cable includes multiple optical sensors. At least one of the optical sensors is configured to sense a parameter of the energy storage device that is different from a parameter of the energy storage device sensed by at least another optical sensor of the multiple optical sensors. The MMS includes a light source configured to provide light to the one or more fiber optic cables and a detector configured to detect light reflected by the optical sensors. The detector generates an electrical signal based on the reflected light. A processor is coupled to receive the electrical signal, to analyze the electrical signal, and to determine state of the energy storage device based on analysis of the electrical signal.