An axial motion distortion-corrected optical coherence tomography system. The system can include an optical coherence tomography sensor, a light source, a fiber-optic system arranged to provide a reference beam and an observation beam, an optical detection system arranged to receive combined light from the reference beam and the observation beam and to provide detection signals, and a data processing system arranged to receive said detection signals, construct a plurality of A-scans from said detection signals, and construct one or more images from said plurality of A-scans. The data processing system can be configured to correct distortion in the images caused by net axial motion of at least one of said optical coherence tomography sensor or a target of said optical coherence tomography sensor by calculating an estimate of the net axial motion using Doppler shift, and then shifting the A-scans according to the estimate.