One or more intravenous catheter assemblies are monitored to ensure compliance with required hygienic procedures and/or to ensure only persons who have properly sanitized their hands are allowed to attend to such catheter assemblies. Detecting electrodes incorporated as part of such catheter assemblies facilitate determination as to whether potential contamination may have occurred. The hygienic status of a health care worker attending to the catheter assembly, as possibly evidenced by detected use of a sanitizer, may be used to determine whether the catheter assembly is being subjected to contamination.