A microscope includes an objective lens, an imaging lens projecting light passing through the objective lens to form an image of a specimen, an image sensor located at an imaging position where the image of the specimen is formed, an illumination light source, and a reflecting fluorescence illumination optical system including a dichroic mirror introducing light from the illumination light source into an optical to illuminate the specimen with the light. The microscope further includes a relay optical system forming an intermediate image of the specimen between the objective lens and the imaging lens to relay it to the imaging lens. The dichroic mirror of the reflecting fluorescence illumination optical system is located between the relay optical system and a pupil conjugate position that is conjugate with a pupil position of the objective lens, formed between the relay optical system and the imaging lens.