The invention proposes an optical method of measurement and an optical apparatus for determining the spatial position of at least one luminous nanoemitter of a sample, the method comprising: the projection of a sequence of at least two compact luminous distributions of different topological families onto the sample, the detection of the light reemitted by said at least one luminous nanoemitter of the sample; the generation of at least one optical image for each luminous distribution, on the basis of the light detected; and the algorithmic analysis of the optical images to obtain information regarding the location of said at least one luminous nanoemitter. The invention further relates to an optical method of measurement and an optical apparatus for determining the spatial position of a plurality of point light sources, the method comprising the detection of the light emitted by the plurality of point light sources; and the separation of the light emitted on a plurality of detectors for simultaneous or sequential detections; the proportion of the light emitted by a point light source, channeled to a specific detector, being dependent on the spatial position of said point light source; and the generation of the optical images on the basis of the light detected; and the algorithmic analysis of the optical images to obtain an item of information regarding the location of the plurality of point light sources.