Embodiments relate to collision-based alternate hashing. An aspect includes receiving an incoming instruction address. Another aspect includes determining whether an entry for the incoming instruction address exists in a history table based on a hash of the incoming instruction address. Another aspect includes based on determining that the entry for the incoming instruction address exists in the history table, determining whether the incoming instruction address matches an address tag in the determined entry. Another aspect includes based on determining that the incoming instruction address does not match the address tag in the determined entry, determining whether a collision exists for the incoming instruction address. Another aspect includes based on determining that the collision exists for the incoming instruction address, activating alternate hashing for the incoming instruction address using an alternate hash buffer.