A battery locking device for a new energy vehicle including: a battery compartment fit for a battery, the battery compartment being provided with a battery inlet; and a battery clamping device provided on the battery compartment and controlled by a linkage mechanism. Since the battery clamping device is controlled by the linkage mechanism, during the mounting or removing of the battery, the battery can be integrally clamped or released by merely operating an operating end of the linkage mechanism. Compared with the prior art in which the battery is fixed through bolts, the battery can be integrally clamped or released by the battery locking device through a single operation, which greatly simplifies the disassembling or assembling process of the battery and reduces the time required for replacing the battery. A new energy vehicle provided with the above battery locking device has the same advantages.