The present invention provides an optically induced cell lysis biochip, which comprises: an upper substrate made of a transparent, electrically conductive material; a lower substrate made of a transparent, electrically conductive material; a photoconductive layer formed under the lower surface of the upper substrate or on the upper surface of the lower substrate; and a chamber formed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate. When there is an electric potential difference between the upper and lower substrates, a light spot illuminated on the photoconductive layer can cause the impedance of the illuminated area to decrease, thereby causing the electric current to center on the illuminated area of the photoconductive layer. Further, the electric current flowing through the illuminated area can induce the cell lysis process of a target cell.