A substrate having a plurality of light-emitting elements mounted thereon is described. The substrate may be mounted in a lighting apparatus and may include a surface on which the plurality of light-emitting elements are mounted and one or more holes through which heat may be conducted from the first surface to another surface of the substrate. For example, a heat conductive and electrically non-conductive material may cover a surface of the one or more holes. According to some arrangements, the surface of the substrate may include an electrically non-conductive layer and an electrically conductive layer such that the electrically non-conductive layer is electrically isolated or separated from the electrically conductive layer.