An optical frequency conversion method and device are provided by which a component other than a desired harmonic component can be eliminated with high precision and an output lightwave with the desired frequency component can be easily extracted even if the frequency of a modulation signal is changed. A plurality of phase control sections (101-1 to 101-n) that respectively generate a plurality of individual modulation signals with different phases from a modulation signal, a plurality of optical single sideband modulation sections (MOD1 to MODn) that respectively modulate an input lightwave in accordance with the plurality of individual modulation signals, and a plurality of optical phase control sections (201-1 to 201-n) that respectively give optical phase differences to a plurality of lightwaves that are respectively output from the plurality of optical single sideband modulation sections, an output lightwave is generated by multiplexing a plurality of lightwaves that are output from the plurality of optical phase control sections, wherein phase differences among the plurality of individual modulation signals and the optical phase differences are set so that a predetermined harmonic component other than a target frequency in the output lightwave will be eliminated.