A spontaneous-extending and anti-rotation scoliosis correcting system comprises pedicle screws and a plurality of correcting rods locked with the pedicle screws. Each correcting rod includes at least one sleeve and at least one inserting rod which can be inserted into the sleeve. The inner wall of the sleeve and the inserting rod are the same in shape and are in clearance fit. A positioning mechanism for restricting the relative rotation of the inserting rod with respect to the sleeve is arranged on a matching surface between the inserting rod and the sleeve. The scoliosis correcting system has the benefits of ensuring the lateral stability and the anti-rotation function for scoliosis correction; having the performance of spontaneous extending along the growth direction of the spine; and ensuring both the short-term operating effect and the long-term curative effect.