A device and method for measuring dynamic thermal conductivity of micro-structure fluid. The device includes an upper fixing plate (110a) and a lower fixing plate (110b) which are vertically spaced apart from each other, a lower body (150b) which defines a side surface of a separation space formed between the upper fixing plate and the lower fixing plate, a rotating plate (120) which is disposed in the separation space in such a way that gaps are respectively formed among the rotating plate and the upper and lower fixing plates, a shaft (140) which passes through the upper fixing plate and is coupled to the rotating plate, a heater which installed on an upper portion of the upper fixing plate, and thermocouples (118a) and (118b) which are respectively installed in the upper and lower fixing plates.