The present invention relates to methods of treating a mycobacterial infection. In particular, this invention relates to methods, uses and compounds for use in treating mycobacterial infections, including tuberculosis. For example, the compounds may be an avermectin or a milbemycin. The avermectin or milbemycin may be selected from, but not limited to, one or more of ivermectin, moxidectin or selamectin. Exemplary microbial infections that may be treated include, but are not limited to, infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, other mycobacteria of the tuberculosis complex, and non-tuberculous mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium ulcerans.