The present invention relates to a composition for preventing or treating cancer, which contains, as an active ingredient, a Panax ginseng cambium-derived cell line including wild ginseng or ginseng; a lysate thereof; an extract thereof; or a culture medium thereof, which are derived from a natural and have minimized side effects compared to the conventional therapeutic drugs, and thus are safe for the human body. Also, they are involved directly in the growth of cancer to induce cancer cell death effectively, and show anticancer activity of inhibiting or reducing the formation of tumor or the growth of tumor.