A caliper brake device includes a brake shoe for exerting a friction force by sliding in contact with a disk, a caliper main body fixed to a vehicle and an actuator for pressing the brake shoe against the disk. The actuator includes an elastic film fixed to the caliper main body, a drive pressure chamber defined by the elastic film and supplied with a fluid, a valve introducing the fluid to the drive pressure chamber, and a piston interposed between the elastic film and the brake shoe. The fluid is supplied to the drive pressure chamber and the elastic film swells toward the brake shoe, whereby the piston brings the brake shoe into sliding contact with the disk. The valve introduces the fluid to the drive pressure chamber when the brake is applied while limiting the discharge of the fluid from the drive pressure chamber when the brake is released.