A method for operating a system to provide temporal context for recommending items for consumption by a user device is described. The method comprises maintaining a record of items consumed by the user device or a group of devices within a reference period, together with the time of consumption of each item, and a content descriptor associated with each item. Temporal consumption periods are identified within the reference period, each consumption period spanning the consumption of one or more items with similar content descriptors, and each consumption period is associated with its respective content descriptor. An aggregated list is created of consumption periods recorded over a plurality of reference periods. Clusters of similar consumption periods are identified in the aggregated list, and recurring temporal patterns for user device behavior are identified in each cluster. A profile is created for each user device based on the clusters and the recurring temporal patterns for each cluster, and this profile is used to provide the temporal context at the user device.