Disclosed are a method for component access control and electronic device. The method comprises: acquiring a target component list corresponding to the first application, which list includes at least one target component required by the first application, with the at least one target component belonging to at least one basic component; after a component selection command is received, generating information about those basic components accessible by the first application from the target component list according to the component selection command; and storing the information about those basic components accessible by the first application. In the present solution, it is unnecessary to set access to all the component when applying for an application; rather, those component accessible by the application can be controlled during the installation or use of the application according to system or user requirements, thereby increasing the flexibility of the application in accessing components and reducing the probability of the user privacy being stolen.