This invention refers to the synthesis and purification of 2 hydroxide derivatives of fatty acids, as well as to the separation method of its enantiomers (or optic isomers) [−] y [+], to the enantiomers themselves, to pharmaceutical compositions which include them, and to their use as medicines, as well as to an in vitro method of diagnosis/prognosis and evaluation of the potential use of the molecules of the invention in different pathologies, as well as their use for the regulation of certain enzymes and the study of their activity and effects.