The present invention relates to a hood opening and closing device for zero tail type construction machinery that is used to open and close a swing type hood, at which a hinge portion is mounted on a fuel tank in a left-right direction. The hood opening and closing device for zero tail type construction machinery according to the present invention includes: a first sheet that is mounted on an outer side surface of a fuel tank; a pivot plate that is pivotally fixed to the hinge portion which is mounted on the first sheet; the swing type hood that is connected to an upper end of the pivot plate and is opened and closed in the left-right direction through a circular movement about the hinge portion; a second sheet that is mounted on an upper surface of the fuel tank; and a gas spring which has one end fixed to the second sheet and the other end fixed to a bottom surface of the swing type hood and supports, opens, and closes the swing type hood.