A photoelectric conversion element is provided. The photoelectric conversion element includes a first electrode and a second electrode. The first electrode is covered with an electron transport layer. The electron transport layer is covered with a material represented by the following formula (1): wherein R represents a straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl group, each of X1 and X2 independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group, each of Y1 and Y2 independently represents an acidic group or hydrogen atom but at least one of Y1 and Y2 represents an acidic group, and n represents an integer of from 1 to 3. The second electrode is facing the electron transport layer.