The invention relates to a method for preparing aerogels of individualized carbon nanotubes and to the applications thereof, in particular in the production of composite aerogels and electrochemical compounds. The method of the invention is characterized in that it comprises the following steps carried out in an inert atmosphere: (a) reducing the carbon nanotubes using an alkaline metal in order to obtain a polyelectrolyte salt of carbon nanotubes; (b) exposing said polyelectrolyte salt of carbon nanotubes to an aprotic polar solvent in order to obtain a solution of individualized, reduced carbon nanotubes; (c) freezing said solution of individualized nanotubes; and (d) sublimating the solvent. The invention particularly relates to aerogels of individualized carbon nanotubes obtained by said method, and to the uses of said aerogels.