The invention comprises a method for inducing broadly cross-neutralizing antibodies against cutaneous and mucosal papillomavirus types or against heterologous papillomavirus types in humans comprising administering to a human in need thereof an immunogenic peptide or protein (or polynucleotide encoding therefor), where the immunogenic peptide or protein is: (a) a peptide or protein of at least 10 amino acid residues in length having a sequence corresponding to either a sequence from the N terminal amino acids 1-200 of papillomavirus L2 protein (for cross-neutralizing antibodies against cutaneous and mucosal papillomavirus types) or a sequence from the N terminal amino acids 1-88 of papillomavirus L2 protein (for cross-neutralizing antibodies against heterologous papillomavirus types), (b) a peptide or protein of at least 10 amino acid residues in length with at least 55% identity with the sequence from (a), or (c) a peptide or protein as defined in either (a) or (b) which is conjugated or fused to a protein or peptide other than a papillomavirus L2 protein or peptide.