Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and a system for improving a cell throughput based on a streaming media service. The method includes: pre-adjusting, according to a channel quality sampling value of two clients in the same cell that are performing a streaming media service, an air interface resource allocated to the two clients; acquiring a variation of a cell throughput that exists after the air interface resources of the two clients are pre-adjusted; and if the variation of the cell throughput that exists after the air interface resources of the two clients are pre-adjusted is greater than a preset resource adjustment threshold, allocating the pre-adjusted air interface resources to the two clients, so that the two clients two capable of receiving streaming media content having an adjusted code rate value from a media server.