The present invention generally relates to formulations and methods for treating oral inflammation, oral injury and/or oral pain by applying hydrogel, viscous liquid, or other formulation to the oral cavity. Wet formulations comprise a hydrophilic polymer selected from the group consisting of pyrrolidones, hyaluronic acid and salts thereof, alginic acid and salts thereof, and carrageenans and salts thereof; calcium salts or ions, phosphate salts or ions, and water as well as other optional components. Dry formulations such as powders are also contemplated.