A method of non-destructively inspecting a mechanical part includes directing high energy electromagnetic radiation emitted by a source onto the part for inspection and picking up the radiation that has passed through the part. A mask that absorbs the radiation is interposed between the source and the mechanical part and includes at least one opening in alignment with the source and a given zone for inspection of the part, a shape and dimensions of the opening being determined so that only the given zone for inspection of the part is exposed to the electromagnetic radiation.