A reciprocating compressor including a casing which has first and second cylinders, an electric motor which has a drive shaft mounted in the casing, first and second pistons fittingly inserted into the first and second cylinders respectively, so as to reciprocate therein, and first and second connecting rods attached to the first and second pistons, respectively, at ends thereof and which are situated in the crank chamber at the other ends thereof where first and second bearings are provided, respectively. A crank member is provided on the drive shaft within the crank chamber, and the crank member is fittingly inserted into the first bearing of the first connecting rod and the second bearing of the second connecting rod. The crank member has a positioning member which positions the first and second bearings with respect to an axial direction.