Disclosed is a graphene printed circuit pattern structure including a substrate excellent in electrical insulation and a graphene printed circuit layer provided on the substrate. The graphene printed circuit layer is electrically conductive and has a circuit pattern like an electrical circuit on the circuit board. The graphene printed circuit layer includes surface-modified nanographene platelets, a carrier resin and a filler. The ratio of the particle size of the filler to the thickness of the surface-modified nanographene platelet is 2-1000, and the surface-modified nanographene platelets are dispersed in the carrier resin. The filler is uniformly placed among the surface-modified nanographene platelets so as to enhance effective contact for the surface-modified nanographene platelets. The graphene printed circuit pattern structure provides excellent electrical properties and heat dissipation to achieve protection by preventing electrical elements from overheat.