Systems and related methods are provided to perform optical characterization of system under tests (SUT), including one or more optical elements (OE), for various purposes including evaluation of optical resolution needed to distinguish image elements, blur, line of sight jitter, and/or pointing stability. Various testing systems and methods are provided including an embodiment having a vibration loading system (VLS), a first acceleration sensor coupled with the VLS, and a mounting structure adapted to receive the SUT. An illumination target system (ITS) emits light that passes through the SUT OE's lens and is captured by the SUT's imaging system. A light control system controls the ITS based on a plurality of activation commands and a Test Control System (TCS). The TCS receives ITS input through the SUT that is synchronized with acceleration sensor data (e.g. phase of VLS position) and analyzed via real-time or post-processing including image distortion analysis.