A periodogram-based wireless microphone signal detection method, which solves the problem of incapability of distinguishing wireless microphone signal from narrow-band interference, includes: acquiring a time-domain digital signal for detection through antenna module, RF front-end module, ADC module and time-domain signal preprocessing module; and performing detection of microphone signal in frequency domain, that is, calculating an average value of periodogram of M segments of the time-domain digital signal for detection, shifting the average value to obtain a shifted vector, estimating a mean and a covariance matrix of the shifted vector, locating a maximum point of the vector, and taking several points on each side of the point as a center to form an information vector; calculating a decision statistical quantity of the information vector using the decision theory, simulating or calculating a threshold in a predefined method, and deciding the signal is narrow-band interference if the decision statistical quantity is less than the threshold, otherwise the signal is wireless microphone signal.