Provided is a polarization analysis apparatus that can quickly measure the polarization properties of a sample. The polarization analysis apparatus includes a light source configured to emit light in a predetermined wavelength region, a polarizer configured to transmit the light emitted from the light source, a spatial phase modulator configured to transmit the light from the sample, an analyzer configured to transmit the light that has passed through the spatial phase modulator, and an imaging spectrometer configured to receive the light that has passed through the analyzer. The spatial phase modulator is formed of a birefringent material, and is configured to have different phase differences at respective positions in a first direction in a plane orthogonal to an optical axis. The imaging spectrometer disperses the received light in a second direction that is different from the first direction in the plane orthogonal to the optical axis.