The present invention discloses an image processing method and apparatus, where the method includes: downscaling an image to be processed; identifying identifiable targets in the downscaled image, and localizing temporary unidentifiable targets in the downscaled image; identifying the temporary unidentifiable targets at positions, corresponding to localized positions in the downscaled image, in the image to be processed. According to the present invention, only one object lens is needed to obtain the image to be processed, and no switching process between a high magnification lens and a low magnification lens is required during a target screening process; so that image identification speed is increased, and mechanical errors and offset in positioning are avoided.