A multi-layer phase change material, including: a multi-layer film structure. The multi-layer film structure includes a plurality of periodic units. The periodic units each includes a first single-layer film phase change material and a second single-layer film phase change material. The first single-layer film phase change material and the second single-layer film phase change material are alternately stacked. The first single-layer film phase change material includes chemical components that are different from chemical components included in the second single-layer film phase change material, or the first single-layer film phase change material includes chemical components that are the same as chemical components included in the second single-layer film phase change material and a percent composition of the chemical components included in the first single-layer film phase change material is different from a percent composition of the chemical components included in the second single-layer film phase change material.