The purpose of the present invention is to provide an organic light-emitting element that comprises an internal light extraction layer on a flexible transparent substrate, that has high luminous efficiency by means of light extraction, and that prevents the breakage and partial or complete separation of electrodes when the organic light-emitting element is repeatedly bent. The organic light-emitting element according to the present invention has an internal light extraction layer, a transparent electrode, and an organic light-emitting layer in this order on the flexible transparent substrate, wherein the value of the ratio (D) represented by formula 1 between the elastic modulus (EMI) of the surface of the internal light extraction layer and the elastic modulus (EMS) of the surface of the transparent electrode side of the transparent substrate is within the range of 100±30%. D (%)=(EMI/EMS)×100(%).  Formula 1