Disclosed are a telescopic transmission cable device and a mobile terminal. The device comprises: a cable body and a rectification part, wherein the cable body comprises at least two wires insulated inform each other, one end of the cable body is a built-in end while the other end is an external connection end; when the cable body is coiled up into a coil, the external connection end and the built-in end are respectively connected to two input ends of the rectification part, and the two output ends of the rectification part are respectively connected to a positive and negative electrodes of a power supply to be charged; and when the cable body is in a linear shape, the external connection end is connected to an external device, the two wires of the built-in end are respectively connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the power supply to be charged, and the two output ends of the rectification part are respectively disconnected to the positive and negative electrodes of the power supply to be charged. The telescopic transmission cable device is applicable to a variety of mobile terminals.