The invention relates to the area of mineral processing, and more particularly to separation of crushed mined material containing minerals, which are luminescent under the action of exciting radiation, into products to be concentrated and tailing products. The invention can be implemented both in X-ray-luminescent sorters at all beneficiation stages and in product inspection devices, like diamondiferous raw materials testing. The method of X-ray-luminescent separation of minerals consists of transportation of the flow of material being separated, irradiation of this material by periodic sequence of exciting radiation pulses within the specified section of the material free falling trajectory, registration of intensity of the mineral luminescence signal during each sequence period, real-time processing, in accordance with the specified conditions for each of the kinetic components of the registered signal, in order to determine the separation parameters, comparison of the parameters obtained to be specified threshold values, and separation of the mineral to be concentrated from the flow of material being transported according to the results of comparison.