A method of optimizing and managing processes for responding to requests (such as claims for benefits, or insurance applications) includes creating a process definition, performing an optimization of a resource employed for the process, and developing recommendations for process design or execution based on the simulation and optimization. In some cases, the resource being optimized is staffing. In some cases, the requests relate to acquisition of health insurance or governmental program services (for example, health insurance exchanges, benefit eligibility, Medicaid enrollment). The optimization may be non-deterministic and consider uncertainty factors. In some cases, a staffing level is estimated based on the optimization.