Disclosed is a drive system of a syringe pump, comprising: an outer sleeve (11) having an inner wall provided with a resistive sheet slot and a conductive sheet slot, both of which slot extending axially; a resistive sheet (12) provided in the resistive sheet slot and a conductive sheet (13) provided in the conductive sheet slot; an injection pushrod (14) slidably provided in the outer sleeve (11), wherein a hermetic seal is maintained between the injection pushrod (14) and the inner wall of the outer sleeve (11), and a cavity having an opening is provided on the injection pushrod (14), with the opening of the cavity being provided at a tail end of the injection pushrod (14); an elastic conductive contact sheet (15) fixedly provided on the injection pushrod (14), with one end of the elastic conductive contact sheet (15) being in contact with the conductive sheet (13) and the other end being in contact with the resistive sheet (12); and a drive device provided in the cavity and driving the injection pushrod (14) to move forth and back. The drive system can ensure the accuracy of administration.