A video encoding apparatus includes: a predictor to generate a prediction block based on interpolating chroma sub-samples of a reference frame referenced by a motion vector of a current block; a subtractor to generate a residual block based on subtracting the prediction block from the current block; a transformer to generate a frequency-transformed block based on transforming the residual block; a quantizer to generate a quantized frequency-transformed block based on quantizing the frequency-transformed block; and an encoder to encode the quantized frequency-transformed block into a bitstream.