The invention relates to novel compounds of dibenzylidene sorbitol ester type corresponding to the following formulae (I) and (II): in which: R, R′ and R″ represent a hydrogen atom or a —C(O)Y radical in which Y represents a C2-C25 hydrocarbon radical or an optionally substituted aryl radical; the R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R′1, R′2, R′3, R′4 and R′5 radicals represent a hydrogen atom; a C1-C18 alkyl radical; a C1-C18 alkoxy radical; a phenoxy radical; an optionally substituted phenyl radical; or a benzyl radical; the divalent radical A represents, in the formula (II), a C1-C52 hydrocarbon radical; an optionally substituted arylene radical; or a silicone radical. The invention also relates to their process of preparation, to their use in structuring lipophilic media, in particular oils, to the cosmetic or pharmaceutical compositions comprising them and to a cosmetic treatment method employing them.