An inventory management system that uses an automated guided vehicle that scans articles on a shelf case while reciprocating along guide lines is introduced. This inventory management system using an automated guided vehicle may include a scanning unit configured to recognize information about articles placed in a shelf case, guide lines deployed along a plurality of shelf cases that are spaced apart from each other, a vehicle configured to support the scanning unit, to recognize the guide lines, and to move along the guide lines, and a control unit configured to control the vehicle so that the vehicle moves along the guide lines recognized by the line recognition unit.