A conductive layer contains a binder material, a first particle, and a second particle. The first particle is composed of a core particle and aluminum-doped zinc oxide covering the core particle or is composed of a core particle and oxygen-deficient zinc oxide covering the core particle. The second particle is of the same material as that of the core particle of the first particle. The content of the first particle is 20% by volume or more and 50% by volume or less of the total volume of the conductive layer. The content of the second particle is 0.1% by volume or more and 15% by volume or less of the total volume of the conductive layer and is 0.5% by volume or more and 30% by volume or less of the volume of the first particle.